For persons who were not born in the United States, becoming a citizen entails becoming a permanent resident, applying for naturalization, and passing a test.
When you become a naturalized citizen, you are awarded all of the rights of citizenship outlined in the United States Constitution, including the right to vote, a U.S. passport, and the ability to work in the United States. You also have all of the obligations of a US citizen, which include giving up former allegiances to other nations, swearing allegiance to the US, supporting and defending its laws, and serving the country if/when necessary.
To be eligible to go through the naturalization process and become a US citizen, you must satisfy the following criteria:
If you fulfill these requirements, you may apply for naturalization by completing the N-400 Application for Naturalization and paying the filing cost of $675 in most instances, $595 for those over 75, and free for military applicants. While applying, read the Guide to Naturalization Form M-476 (available from the USCIS), since it offers information to assist you complete the N-400 Form. Check with the USCIS to find out where you should send your application.
You should take a practice Naturalization Test (on English and civics) before applying for citizenship, since you will be scheduled for an Interview that includes the Naturalization Test after filing your Form N-400.
During the interview, you will have your fingerprints taken, questions regarding your application and history will be asked, and you will take the Naturalization Test. You will be given citizenship if you pass the exam and your background and application replies are accepted. If you fail the exam, you will not be given citizenship at that time, but you may repeat it later.