How to Apply for Naturalization as a Citizen

For persons who were not born in the United States, becoming a citizen entails becoming a permanent resident, applying for naturalization, and passing a test.

When you become a naturalized citizen, you are awarded all of the rights of citizenship outlined in the United States Constitution, including the right to vote, a U.S. passport, and the ability to work in the United States. You also have all of the obligations of a US citizen, which include giving up former allegiances to other nations, swearing allegiance to the US, supporting and defending its laws, and serving the country if/when necessary.

To be eligible to go through the naturalization process and become a US citizen, you must satisfy the following criteria:

You must be at least 18 years old.
Be a Permanent Resident of the United States for at least 5 years previous to the day you submit your Naturalization Application. (form N-400)
Have lived in the United States as a Permanent Resident for at least 5 years previous to the day you submit your N-400.
Be physically present for at least 30 months of the 5 years of Permanent Residency immediately preceding the N-400 application.
Live in the USCIS district of jurisdiction or your state of residency for at least three months before filing your N-400.
Reside in the United States continuously from the moment you apply for citizenship until you are naturalized.
You must be able to read, write, and speak English, as well as know and comprehend US history and government.
Have a good moral character, adhere to the values of the United States Constitution, and be disposed to protect the good order and happiness of the United States at all relevant times under the law.

If you fulfill these requirements, you may apply for naturalization by completing the N-400 Application for Naturalization and paying the filing cost of $675 in most instances, $595 for those over 75, and free for military applicants. While applying, read the Guide to Naturalization Form M-476 (available from the USCIS), since it offers information to assist you complete the N-400 Form. Check with the USCIS to find out where you should send your application.

You should take a practice Naturalization Test (on English and civics) before applying for citizenship, since you will be scheduled for an Interview that includes the Naturalization Test after filing your Form N-400.

During the interview, you will have your fingerprints taken, questions regarding your application and history will be asked, and you will take the Naturalization Test. You will be given citizenship if you pass the exam and your background and application replies are accepted. If you fail the exam, you will not be given citizenship at that time, but you may repeat it later.